Pornography And Protection of Minors Bibliographies English - Deutsch - Main Page

Bibliography on pornography, protection of minors and sex crimes

The following databases were used for this bibliography:

• Sexual research database of the Netherlands Institute of Social Sexological Research (NISSO)
  Keywords used: pornography, erotica
• SciSearch and Social SciSearch for listing the articles that cite Kutschinsky's Danish studies.

10
Title Pornography and sexual agression	Author(s) Malamuth, N.M., Donnerstein, F.
Source Orlando, Florida : Academic Press, 1984	Document type Book
Pages 333	Year
Language English
Abstract This book is designed to present and integrate much of the new research on the effects of pornography since the study by the presidential Commission on Obscenity and Pornography in the late 1960s. The research presented here analyzes various facets of pornography and sexual aggression and possible linkages between them. CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION: Pornography and sex research (Byrne and Kelley). I.AGGRESSIVE PORNOGRAPHY, INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND AGGRESSION: 1. Aggression against women: cultural and individual causes (Malamuth); 2. Pornography: its effect on violence against women (Donnerstein). II. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PORNOGRAPHY AND AGGRESSION: 3. Arousal, affect, and the aggression-moderating effect of erotica (Sapolsky); 4. Effects of massive exposure to pornography (Zillmann and Bryant); III. CORRELATIONAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES ON PORNOGRAPHY AND AGGRESSION: 5.Sex and violence: a ripple effect (Court); 6. Pornography in Japan: cross-cultural and theoretical considerations (Abramson and Hayashi); 7. Sexual stratification, pornography, and rape in the United States (Baron and Straus). IV. CAUSES OF SEXUAL AGGRESSION: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COMMUNICATIVE FACTORS: 8. Sexually aggressive men: empirical findings and theoretical implications (Koss and Leonard); 9. Sexual signaling and sexual agression in adolescent relationships (Goodchilds and Zellman). V. LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH ON PORNOGRAPHY AND SEXUAL AGGRESSION: 10. Using logical research on violent pornography to inform legal change (Penrod and Linz); 11. Bases of liability for injuries produced by media portrayals of violent pornography (Linz, Turner, Hesse and Penrod). AFTERWORD: Sex, violence, and the media: Where do we stand now ? (Eysenck).

24
Title Censorship and obscenity	Author(s) Dhavan, R., Davies, C.
Source London : Robertson, 1978 (Law in society series)	Document type Book
Pages 180	Year
Language English
Abstract This book examines key questions concerning censorship and obscenity. It asks who censors and why, how laws for the censorship of obscenity work, and what the consequences are of censoring and not censoring obscenity. The editors have called upon lawyers, psychologists and sociologists to apply their specialist knowledge to particular aspects of censorship and to produce analyses intelligible to the interested layman. Thus the vital question who censors and who is answered by means of detailed empirical studies of legislative and pressure group behaviour. The breadth of the comparative outlook of the book is shown by the way it examines existing and alternative methods of enforcing obscenity laws. This involves a detailed analysis of the legal systems of countries such as India, New Zealand, Great Britain and the United States. Finally, the consequences of censorship are examined and predictions made about the possible effects of the complete abolition of the censorship of obscenity. Here the book brings together the views of a leading academic psychologist who analyses the impact of obscene materials on persons with different types of materials in the treatment of sexual personality, a therapist who uses obscene materials in the treatment of sexual dysfunction and also a Danish sociologist who has studied the effects of the abolition of censorship on rates of sex crimes in Denmark.

1
Title Obscenity and pornography	Author(s) Katzman, M.
Source Medical aspects of human sexuality	Document type Article
Volume 3	Number 7
Pages 77-83	Year 1969
Language English
Abstract It is a research report on reactions to 'obscenity' and 'pornogranhy' and speculation on the effects of such material.

32
Title Exposure of sex research	Author(s) Rosen, L., Turner, S.H.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 5	Number 4
Pages 235-246	Year 1969
Language English
Abstract This paper is concerned with the consumer of pornography. An attempt is made to distinguish, by a series of demographic and attitudinal variables, between those who have seen pornography and those who have not. A self-administered questionnaire was given to several classes of Introduction to Sociology at Temple University in the spring of 1966. The sample was not systematically drawn. Each of the respondents was asked to classify material as pornography or not pornography. The patterns of findings indicated that the demographic (sex, age, marital status, religion) and behavioral (reading books) variables were the only ones which exhibited importance for seeing pornography. Attitudinal variables (belief in censorship, social harm etc.) do not discriminate pornography-consumers and not pornography-consumers.

43
Title A report on Denmark's legalized pornography	Author(s) Schindler, G.
Source Torrance (Calf) : Banner Books	Document type Book
Pages 528	Year 1969
Language English
Abstract The purpose of this book is to record the recent Danish action in removing virtually all restrictions against pornography. It is why the book consists of interviews with important persons, the Gallup polls on freeing pornography, Danish journal articles, pornography report of the penal code council and illustrations.

7
Title The Report of the Commission on obscenity and pornography
Source Washington : US Government printing office	Document type Book
Pages 646	Year 1970
Language English
Abstract PART I: OVERVIEW OF FINDINGS The volume of traffic and patterns of distribution of sexually orientated materials; The effects of explicit sexual materials; Positive approaches: sex education, industry self-regulation and citizens action groups; Law and law enforcement. PART II: RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMISION Non-legislative recommendations; Legislative recommedations; Drafts of preposed legislation PART III: REPORTS OF THE PANELS Traffic and distribution of sexually orientated materials in the United States; The impact of erotica; Positive approaches: the development of healthy attitudes toward sexuality; legal considerations relating to erotica PART IV: SEPARATE STATEMENTS BY COMMISION MEMBERS. Appendices.

93
Title Studies on PORNOGRAPHY and SEX CRIMES in DENMARK	Author(s) Berl Kutschinsky
Source New Social Science Monograph	Document type Book
Pages 197	Year 1970
Language English
Abstract Subtitle: A Report to the US Presidential Commission on Obscenity and Pornography Comments: This report has been translated to German and is also included in the "Technical Report To The Commission On Obscenity And Pornography". For reasons of simplicity, only this reference has been included, the references citing the report listed below do however not necessarily cite this version of it. Summary: A possible relationship between the legalization of pornography in Denmark and the drastic decrease of certain sexual delinquency, especially voyeurism and sexual abuse of children, is examined. The study reveals that pornography may have influenced voyeurs and child molesters, and that pornography and sexual liberation may have caused a change of attitude of the victims of exhibitionism and sexual harassment.
References citing this article CRIME IN DENMARK - STATISTICAL HISTORY (1972) CENSORSHIP (1) (1972) RESPONSES TO READING EROTIC STORIES - MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES (1973) CENSORSHIP AND SEX EDUCATION IN HOME (1973) HUSBAND-WIFE SIMILARITY IN RESPONSE TO EROTIC STIMULI (1973) PORNOGRAPHY AND SEX CRIMES - GERMAN - KUTSCHINSKY,B (1973) PLACE OF CENSORED MATERIAL IN TREATMENT OF BEHAVIOUR DISTURBANCES (1973) PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR - REVIEW OF LITERATURE (1975) PORNOGRAPHY AND REPRESSION - A RECONSIDERATION (1980) REACTIONS TO EROTIC STIMULI AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS TO THE BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SEX (1981) PORNOGRAPHY - THE SYMBOLIC POLITICS OF FANTASY (1988) EXPOSURE TO SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIALS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD RAPE - A COMPARISON OF STUDY RESULTS (1989)

5
Title Technical report of the Commission on obscenity and pornography (9 Volumes)
Source Washington, US : Government printing office	Document type Book
Pages	Year 1971
Language English
Abstract Volume II: Legal analysis Obscenity Law in the United States - definition of 'obscene' under existing law - implications of Stanley v. Georgio - state obscenity statues- description and analysis - historical and philosophical perspective - origins of the law of obscenity - theoretical approach to 'morals' legislation - comparitive perspectives. Volume III: The marketplace: the industry Commercial traffic in sexually oriented materials in the United States (1969-1970); Motion pictures; Books and magazines (mass market, mass market sexually oriented publications etc); Mail order 'Under-the-counter' or 'hard-core' pornography; Conclusions. Volume IV: The marketplace: empirical studies Foreword; General preface; Introduction to volume IV; The marketplace: empirical studies -M.E. Massey. A marketing analysis of see-oriented materials in Denver, August 1969; a pilot study. -M.M. Finkelstein. The traffic in sex-oriented materials in Boston. -H. Nawy. The San Francisco erotic marketplace. -Ch. Winick. Some observations on characteristics of patrons of adult theaters and bookstores. -Ch. Winick. A study of consumers of explicitly sexual materials; some functions served by adult movies. -B. Kutschinsky. Pornography in Denmark: pieces of a jigsaw puzzle collected around New Year 1970. Volume V: Societal control mechanisms Law and enforcement; Citizen action groups; Industry self-regulation Sex education. Volume VI: National survey General preface. National survey of public attitudes toward and experience with erotic materials: I. Findings - H. Abeleon, R. Cohen, E. Heaton and C. Suder introduction - overview - experience with erotic materials - perceived and other effects of erotica - attitudes toward legal and other forms of control attitudes toward sex information - appendix II. Methodological report L. LoSciuto, A. Spector, E. Michels e.a. introduction - sampling and study design - field procedures - nonresponse and contextual effects of the interview - coding and editing procedures appendix. Volume VII: Erotica and antisocial behavior Exposure to pornography and sexual behavior in deviant and normal groups; Erotic stimuli and the aggressive sexual offender; Pornography and the sex offender: partners of exposure and immediate arousal effects of pornographic stimuli Sex offenders' experience with erotica; Exposure to pornography, character and sexual deviance; a retrospective survey Pornography and sex crime: the danish experience; Towards an explanation of the decrease in registered sex crimes in Copenhagen; Erotica and antisocial behavior: an analysis of selected social indicator statistics; A pilot comparison of 2 research instruments measuring exposure to pornography. Volume VIII: Erotica and Social behavior An investigation of behavioral, psychological and physiological reactions to pornographic stimuli; The effect of erotic stimuli on sex arousal, evaluative responses and subsequent behavior; Reactions to viewing films of erotically realistic heterosexual behavior; Effects of exposure to pornography The effect of pornography: a pilot experiment on perception, behavior and attitudes; Effects of erotic films on the sexual behavior of married couples; Psychological reactions to pornographic films; Sex callousness toward women; Emotional arousal as a mediator of erotic communication effects; Pornographic films, male verbal aggression against women, and guilt. Volume IX: The consumer and the community General preface, - M. Katzman. Relationship of socioeconomic background to judgments of sexual stimulation: correlation with judgments of obscenity. - M. Katzman. Photograph characteristics influencing the judgment of obscenity. - D. Wallace, G. Wehmer and E. Podany. Contemporary community standards of visual erotica. - J. Levin. Sex-related themes in the underground press: a content analysis. - D. Sonenschein e.a. A study of mass media erotica: the romance or confession magazine. - A.S. Berger, J.H. Gagnon and W. Simon. Pornography: high school and college years. - A.S. Berger, J.H. Gagnon and W. Simon. Urban working-class adolescents and sexually explicit media. - J. Elias. Exposure of adolescents to erotic materials. - M.M. Propper. Exposure to sexually oriented materials among young male prisoners - W.N. Stephens. A cross-cultural study of modesty and obscenity. - H.L. Zetterberg. The consumers of phonography where it is easily available: the Swedish experience.

55
Title Pornography and attittude change	Author(s) Wallace, D.H., Wehmer, G.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 7	Number 2
Pages 116-125	Year 1971
Language English
Abstract The present study sought to investigate the relationships between exposure to erotic materials, some of which were legally obscene themes and attitude value change. Specifically, it was.predicted that no attitude or value change would result from a three hour exnosure to erotic materials. The basic for this prediction lies in the relative stability of a person's attitudes and values after adolescence and also in the fact that just the mere fact of exposure to certain stimulus materials for relatively brief neriod of time would not constitute a manipulation powerful enough to disrupt stable attitudes and values. Behavior changes were nor measured. It was felt that to the extent that there was to be any relatively permanent behavior change resulting from exposure to the stimulus materials it should also be reflected as attitude change

6
Title Evaluation of visual erotica by sexual liberals and conservatives	Author(s) Wallace, D.H., Wehmer, G.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 8	Number 2
Pages 147-153	Year 1972
Language English
Abstract Argumentation of the thesis that a number of the same socio-political considerations which account for the differences between sexual 'liberals' and 'conservatives' in their evaluation of visual erotica, should in large measure account for the government's reaction. Reason for this question was the reaction on the Report of the Presidential Commission on Obscenity and Pornography.

14
Title The effects of pornography: a review of the findings of the obscenity and pornography commission	Author(s) Moos, R.H.
Source Comments on contemporary psychiatry	Document type Article
Volume 1	Number 4
Pages 123-131	Year 1972
Language English
Abstract Reviews recent research on behavioral, emotional, and sexual responses to exposure to erotic materials. Data indicate that exposure to erotic stimuli does sexually excite and arouse a substantial portion of viewers. While established patterns of sexual responses were quite stable and not greatly changed by exposure, mood and emotional status were sometimes temporarily activated by exposure to erotic materials. The experience of delinquent youth with erotic materials was not usually different from that of nondelinquent youth, and both groups had substantial exposure to sexual materials at young ages. Less sexually direct materials were usually more arousing than more explicit materials, particularly in females. Findings are compared with those on the effects of exposure to violence and aggression.

19
Title P.R.U.D.E.S. (Pornography Research Using Direct Erotic Stimuli)	Author(s) Reed, J.P., Reed, R.S.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 8	Number 3
Pages 237-246	Year 1972
Language English
Abstract Among a student population in the South and Midwest of the United States research is done for an answer upon the following questions: Would students apply the label 'pornography' (or obscenity) to the used materials? Which students would label the material pornographic (or obscene)? How would they define pornography? Would consensual groups (where members chose each other) of students dealing with the ssme materials reach the same conclusions as individual students?

41
Title Pornography: the Longford Report
Source London : Coronet Books	Document type Book
Pages 520	Year 1972
Language English
Abstract This report is based on research and evidence from those with special experience in the fields of communication, laws, and morals. First information is given about the situation concerning pornography today f.e. about the public concern, the pornography trade, violence etc. Then individual members of the Longford Study Group give their contributions. Reports of subcommittees are discussed. They are a.o. about the effects and control of pornography, broadcasting, books, advertising, sex education etc. Conclusions and recommendations are made.

104
Title CAN WE JUDGE JUSTICE	Author(s) VERSELE SC
Source REVUE DE L INSTITUT DE SOCIOLOGIE	Document type Article
Volume	Number 3
Pages 373-400	Year 1972
Corporate Source INST SOCIOL/BRUSSELS//BELGIUM/
Journal Subject Sociology	Language French
Cited References ACTES COLLOQUE AVORT, 1972 ACTES COLLOQUE INT S, 1970 AM LAW REV, 1906, V40, P729 ANWALTSBLATT 0303, 1971 ARBEITSKREIS RECHTSS, 1972 GIUSTIZIA COSTI 0108, 1972 HUMAN LAW HUMAN JUST, 1965 J TRIBUNAUX FEB, 1969, P113 LAW QUART REV, 1947, V22, P145 LEGAL SYSTEM LAWYERS, 1964 NEF QUI GROUPE DIVER, 1971 RAPPORT COMITE CANAD, 1969 REV DROIT PENAL CRIM, 1967, V47, P544 REV DROIT PENAL CRIM, 1969, V49, P259 REV I SOCIOLOGIE, 1966, P635 REV I SOCIOLOGIE, 1970, P715 REV INT DROIT PENAL, 1969, V40 REV INT POL CRIM MAR, 1969, P65 SOCIAL DIMENSIONS LA, 1966 TORONTO LAW J, 1943, V5, P1 10 C INT DROIT PEN, 1969 12 C FRANC CRIM, 1971 8 C INT DEF SOC, 1971 8 C INT DEF SOC PAR, 1971 9 C DIR I RECH CRIM, 1971 9 C DIR I RECH CRIM, 1971 9 C FRANC CRIM, 1971, P256 LOUVAIN, 1970, V30, ANN DROIT U LIBR BRUX, 1972, REV I SOCIOLOGIE US BUR SOC SCI, 1971, INTERIM REPORT AUBERT V, 1971, ADV SCANDINAVIAN STU AUBERT V, 1969, LAW CULTURE SOC AUBERT V, 1963, PUNISHMENTS SOCIAL C AYDALOT MM, 1970, REALTA SOCIALE AMMIN BAYER M, 1966, CRITERIA SENTENCING BLOM R, 1968, CONFIDENCE COURTS JU BOUDON R, 1965, ANN SOCIOLOGIQUE BRADBROOK A, 1971, V49, P557, CANADIAN BAR REV BUFFET F, 1966, V12, P318, CRIME DELINQUENCY CARLIN JE, 1967, CIVIL JUSTICE POOR CHAPMAN D, 1968, SOCIOLOGY STEREOTYPE CHOMBARD PH, 1969, POUR SOCIOLOGIE ASPI CICOUREL AV, 1968, SOCIAL ORGANIZATION DAVIDOVITCH A, 1967, ESSAI TYPOLOGIE DONNICI VL, 1971, PLAN NATIONAL RECHER EHRLICH E, 1913, GRUNDLEGUNG SOZIOLOG ELMHORN K, 1965, V1, P117, SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES HARRIS L, 1969, JUSTICE CRIMINELLE HOEFNAGELS GH, 1969, BEGINSELEN VAN CRIMI JOHNSON N, 1970, SOCIOLOGY PUNISHMENT KALOGEROPOULOS D, 1971, SONDAGES LIMAGE JUST KAUPEN EW, 1970, ARBEITSKREIS RECHTSS KAUPEN W, 1971, ARBEITSKREIS RECHTSS KAUPEN W, 1969, HUTER RECHT ORDNUNG KAUPEN W, 1971, JUSTIZ ZWISCHEN OBRI KAUPEN W, 1971, PUBLIC ATTITUDES LAW KUDRAJVJEV V, 1971, MAIN TENDENCIES SOCI KULCSAR K, 1968, V10, P37, ACTA JURIDICA ACADEM KULCSAR K, 1970, V12, P215, ACTA JURIDICA ACADEM KUTSCHINSKY B, 1966, CONTRIBUTIONS SOCIOL KUTSCHINSKY B, 1968, V2, P125, SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES KUTSCHINSKY B, 1971, 9 C DIR I RECH CRIM LALLEMAND R, 1971, P413, J TRIBUNAUX LEGROS P, 1970, ACTES COLLOQUE SOCIO LOPEZREY M, 1970, CRIME ANALYTICAL APP MAHMOUD MA, 1972, JUSTICE ADMINISTRATI MANNONI M, 1970, PSYCHIATRE PSYCHANAL MARCHAL VA, 1972, REV DROIT PENAL CRIM MIDDENDORFF W, 1963, STRAFRICHTER AUCH BE MODLINSKI VE, 1963, V15, P667, REV INT DROIT COMPAR MORRIS N, 1969, HONEST POLITICIANS G MYLONOS AD, 1968, V5, P81, J RESEARCH CRIME DEL NAESS S, 1970, ACTES COLLOQUE INT S NAESS S, 1968, SCH CHILDRENS IDEAS PERSSON BM, 1971, DEUXIEME S INT SOCIO PERSSONBLEGVAD BM, 1968, V2, SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES PODGORECKI A, 1967, ACTA SOCIOLOGICA PODGORECKI A, 1970, ACTES COLLOQUE INT S PODGORECKI A, 1970, SEP C MOND SOC VARN POTVIN JP, 1972, V52, P592, REV DROIT PENAL CRIM POUND R, 1964, V10, CRIME CORRECTION REHBINDER M, 1970, DOKUMENTATION VERLAG REHBINDER M, 1967, V6, SCHRIFTENREIHE RECHT REHBINDER M, 1966, V18, Z SOZIOLOGIE SOZIALP RICHTER W, 1968, ZUR SOZIOLOGISCHEN S ROBERT P, 1971, V8, ETUDES RELATIVES REC ROBERT P, 1971, IMAGE JUSTICE CRIMIN ROKEACH M, 1969, BELIEFS ATTITUDES VA ROLIN H, 1967, V6, PROLEGOMENES SCIENCE SAND EA, 1972, V52, P798, REV DROIT PENAL CRIM SEGERSTEDT T, 1949, V15, P321, OSLO THEORIA SHOHAM S, 1971, MARK CAIN TEL AVIV SMIRNOV LN, 1967, V26, 3 C NAT UN POUR PREV SOMERHAUSEN C, 1972, V52, P608, REV DROIT PENAL CRIM SYREN S, 1968, SOCIOLOGISKA I TOMEO V, 1971, LIMMAGIN GIUDICE NEL TREVES R, 1947, DIRITTO CULTURA TREVES R, 1972, GIUSTIZIA GIUDICI NE TREVES R, 1938, RIV INT FILOSOFIA DI TURNER JN, 1970, V12, P1, CANADIAN J CORRECTIO VANEECKHAUT P, 1970, V34, RECHTSKUNDIG WEEKBLA VANHOUTTE J, 1971, CROSS NATIONAL RESEA VIROTTA I, 1968, V10, P419, SCUOLA POSITIVA WEILER P, 1970, V48, P1, CANADIAN BAR REV WOLF P, 1962, BRIT J CRIMINOLOGY

105
Title CENSORSHIP (1)	Author(s) MADDISON D
Source AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY	Document type Editorial
Pages 78-79	Year 1972
Journal Subject Psychiatry	Language English
Cited References REPORT COMMISSION OB, 1970 GEBHARD PH, 1965, SEX OFFENDERS ANALYS KRONHAUSEN E, 1967, PORNOGRAPHY LAW KUTSCHINSKY B, 1971, V8, EFFECT PORNOGRAPHY KUTSCHINSKY B, 1971, V7, TOWARDS EXPLANATION MADDISON DC, 1971, V1, P908, MED J AUST OSBORN DK, 1971, V42, P321, CHILD DEVELOPMENT

106
Title CRIME IN DENMARK - STATISTICAL HISTORY	Author(s) CHRISTIA.KO
Source JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY	Document type Article
Volume 63	Number 1
Pages 82-92	Year 1972
Corporate Source UNIV COPENHAGEN,INST CRIMINAL SCI/COPENHAGEN//DENMARK/
Journal Subject Criminology & Penology; Law	Language English
Cited References AUBERT V, 1954, STRAFFENS SOSIALE FU CHRISTIANSEN, 1959, P18, NORDISK TIDSSKRIFT K CHRISTIANSEN, 1960, P300, NORDISK TIDSSKRIFT K CHRISTIANSEN, 1961, P73, NORDISK TIDSSKRIFT K CHRISTIANSEN, 1965, P29, NORDISK TIDSSKRIFT K CHRISTIE, 1963, DETTE NORGE CHRISTIE, 1965, KRIMINALSOSIOLOGI CHRISTIE, 1968, V2, P161, SCANDINAVIAN STUDIES DAHLBERG, 1948, V39, P327, J CRIM LC PS DURKHEIM E, 1893, DIVISION TRAVAIL SOC FAUCONNET P, 1928, RESPONSABILITE KUTSCHINSKY B, 1970, STUDIES PORNOGRAPHY RANULF S, 1933, JEALOUSY GODS CRIMIN REIWALD, 1948, PROPHYLAXE VERBRECHE WOLF, 1958, P113, NORDISK TIDSSKRIFT K

3
Title Pornography; review and bibliographic annotations	Author(s) Money, J., Athanasiou, R.
Source American journal of obstetrics and gynecology	Document type Article
Volume 115	Number 1
Pages 130-146	Year 1973
Language English
Abstract A review of 40 studies dealing with pictorial and written erotic material and related topics revealed the following general findings: There is no scientifically operational definition of legal obscenity There is no foolproof method of measuring erotic arousal Consistent exposure to pictorial and written erotic material leads to indifference and boredom with it Both male and female subjects respond to pictorial and written erotic stimuli but with qualitatively different reactions Personal history of exposure to erotic publications peaks in the late 20's to early 30's although a majority have been exposed before the age of 21 years A general liberal-conservative factor differentiates proponents of erotica from antagonists of erotica Clinical data suggest that constitutional (chromosomal, hormonal) variation may play a part in responsiveness to erotic material Paraphiliac interests in erotic material tend to be fixed and narrow and Availability of erotic materials may have a positive and constructive effect on development of sexual normalcy.

17
Title Pornography; attitudes, use and effects	Author(s) Wilson, W.C., Goldstein, M.J.
Source Ann Arbor : Society for the psychological study of	Document type Book
Pages 238	Year 1973
Language English
Abstract The papers in this volume represent a sample of the studies stimulated by the National Commission on Obscenity. They deal with three general classes of issues: first, how people perceive pornography as a social problem; second, possible short-run effects of exposure to pornography; and third, the long-run effect over many years of exposure to pornography.

33
Title There ought to be a law ! The law on obscenity ... utterly obscene ?	Author(s) Robbins, N.N.
Source Family coordinator	Document type Article
Volume 22	Number 4
Pages 475-478	Year 1973
Language English
Abstract 'There is a generally accepted axiom that you cannot regulate moral behavior by legislation.' 3 landmark decisions by the US Supreme Court related to its attempt to 'define what constitutes obscenity,' are discussed. It is suggested that these efforts have created more problems and questions for enforcement agencies, legal authorities, and legislatures than had previously existed. Furthermore, the confusion is seen to be the direct result of the Court's attempting to define a 'largely undefinable abstract concept.' The results of this attempt and the latest developments in clarifying the laws on obscenity are presented.

99
Title HUSBAND-WIFE SIMILARITY IN RESPONSE TO EROTIC STIMULI	Author(s) BYRNE D
Source JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY	Document type Article
Volume 41	Number 3
Pages 385-394	Year 1973
Corporate Source PURDUE UNIV/LAFAYETTE//IN/47907; UNIV OKLAHOMA/NORMAN//OK/73069
Journal Subject Psychology, Social	Language English
Cited References ADORNO RW, 1950, AUTHORITARIAN PERSON BARRY WA, 1970, V73, P41, PSYCHOLOGICAL B BRADY JP, 1965, V15, P377, PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD BYRNE D, 1971, ATTRACTION PARADIGM BYRNE D, IN PRESS BYRNE D, 1965, V70, P114, J ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOG BYRNE D, 1963, V67, P636, J ABNORMAL SOCIAL PS BYRNE D, 1963, V13, P323, PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORT BYRNE D, 1971, V8, TECHNICAL REPORT COM ELIASBERG WG, 1961, V55, P143, J SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY GRIFFITT W, 1973, V6, P330, J EXPTL RESEARCH PER HICKS MW, 1970, V32, P553, J MARRIAGE FAMILY KOGAN N, 1956, V53, P34, J ABNORMAL SOCIAL PS KUTSCHINSKY B, 1971, V8, TECHNICAL REPORT COM LANDIS JT, 1970, OCT M NAT COUNC FAM LEVINGER G, 1966, V3, P367, J PERSONALITY SOCIAL LEVINGER G, 1970, V4, P42, MEDICAL ASPECTS HUMA LEVITT EE, 1965, V21, P347, J CLINICAL PSYCHOLOG MANN J, 1971, V8, TECHNICAL REPORT COM MITCHELL HE, 1973, V25, P123, J PERSONALITY SOCIAL ROTHSTEIN R, 1960, V61, P329, J ABNORMAL SOCIAL PS SCHMIDT G, 1970, V6, P268, J SEX RES SCHMIDT G, 1969, V5, P199, J SEX RESEARCH SIGUSCH V, 1970, V6, P10, J SEX RESEARCH WALLACE DH, 1972, V8, P147, J SEX RESEARCH WALLIN P, 1958, V57, P370, J ABNORMAL SOCIAL PS

100
Title PLACE OF CENSORED MATERIAL IN TREATMENT OF BEHAVIOUR DISTURBANCES	Author(s) COURT JH
Source AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST	Document type Article
Volume 8	Number 2
Pages 150-161	Year 1973
Corporate Source FLINDERS UNIV,SCH SOCIAL SCI/BEDFORD PK 5042/S AUSTRALIA/AUSTL./
Journal Subject Psychology	Language English
Cited References US COMM OBSC PORN, 1970, REP BANCROFT J, 1968, V61, P796, P ROYAL SOC MEDICINE BANCROFT JHJ, 1969, V115, P1417, BRITISH J PSYCHIATRY BARR RF, 1971, V119, P377, BRIT J PSYCHIATRY COURT JH, 1972, CHANGING COMMUNITY S FELDMAN MP, 1965, V2, P165, BEHAV RES THER FELDMAN MP, 1971, HOMOSEXUAL BEHAVIOUR GEBHARD PH, 1965, SEX OFFENDERS ANALYS GOLDSTEIN MJ, 1970, V7, TECHNICAL REPORT COM GUMMER JS, 1971, PERMISSIVE SOC HILL A, 1970, REPORT COMMISSION OB JAMES B, 1962, V1, P768, BRIT MEDICAL J KINSEY AC, 1953, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR HUMA KRAFT TA, 1967, V21, P815, AM J PSYCHOTHERAPY KUTSCHINSKY B, 1970, EFFECT PORNOGRAPHY E LOPICCOLO J, 1971, V2, P394, BEHAVIOR THERAPY LOVIBOND SH, 1964, V1, PROGR EXPTL PERSONAL MACCULLOCH MJ, 1971, V2, P151, BEHAV THERAPY MACCULLOCH MJ, 1967, V2, P594, BRIT MEDICAL J MACDONOUGH TS, 1972, V3, P104, BEHAVIOR THERAPY MADDISON D, 1970, V58, P1, MEDICAL J AUSTRALIA MADDISON D, 1970, V58, P17, MEDICAL J AUSTRALIA MASTERS RH, 1966, HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONS MCCONAGHY N, 1970, V1, P213, BEHAV THER MCCONAGHY N, 1967, V5, P43, BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH T MCCONAGHY N, 1969, V115, P723, BRIT J PSYCHIATRY MOAN CE, 1972, V3, P23, J BEHAVIOR THERAPY E NAWY H, V4, TECHNICAL REPORT COM ORR FE, 1971, THESIS U NSW REIFLER CB, 1971, V128, P575, AM J PSYCHIATRY SCHMIDT G, 1970, V6, P268, J SEX RES SERBER M, 1970, ADV BEHAVIOUR THERAP STOLLER RJ, 1970, V22, P490, ARCH GENERAL PSYCHIA

101
Title CENSORSHIP AND SEX EDUCATION IN HOME	Author(s) FARMER RG
Source AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST	Document type Article
Volume 8	Number 2
Pages 148-149	Year 1973
Corporate Source UNIV NEW S WALES,SCH PSYCHOL,PO BOX 1/KENSINGTON 2033/NEW S WALES/AUSTL./
Journal Subject Psychology	Language English
Cited References CHARTHAM R, 1971, SEX MANNERS OLDER TE GAGNON JH, 1965, V28, P212, PSYCHIATRY GOLDSTEIN MJ, 1971, V7, TECHNICAL REPORT COM KUTSCHINSKY B, 1970, EFFECT PORNOGRAPHY S

102
Title RESPONSES TO READING EROTIC STORIES - MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES	Author(s) SCHMIDT G
Source ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR	Document type Article
Volume 2	Number 3
Pages 181-199	Year 1973
Corporate Source UNIV HAMBURG,INSTIT SEXUAL FORSCH/HAMBURG//WESTGERMANY/
Journal Subject Psychology, Clinical	Language English
Cited References BYRNE D, 1970, V8, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO CHRISTENSEN HT, 1966, V22, P60, J SOC ISSUES EHRMANN WW, 1959, PREMARITAL DATING BE GRIFFITT W, 1970, EROTIC AROUSAL INTER GRIFFITT W, 1970, RESPONSE EROTICA PRO JAKOBOVITS LA, 1966, V16, P985, PSYCHOL REP KINSEY AC, 1953, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR HUMA KUTSCHINSKY B, 1970, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO MANN J, 1970, V8, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO MOSHER DL, 1970, SEX GUILT REACTIONS MOSHER DL, 1970, V8, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO SCHMIDT G, 1972, CRITICAL ISSUES CONT SCHMIDT G, 1970, V6, P268, J SEX RES SCHOFIELD M, 1965, SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR YOU SIGUSCH V, 1971, V1, P29, ARCH SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SIGUSCH V, 1970, V6, P10, J SEX RESEARCH

103
Title PORNOGRAPHY AND SEX CRIMES - GERMAN - KUTSCHINSKY,B	Author(s) MONTES P
Source FOLIA HUMANISTICA	Document type Book Review
Pages 87-88	Year 1973
Journal Subject Arts & Humanities, General	Language Spanish
Cited References KUTSCHINSKY B, 1972, PORNOGRAPHIE VERBREC

8
Title Where do you draw the line? An exploration into media violence, pornography, and censorship	Author(s) Cline, V.B.
Source Provo : Bringham young University press	Document type Book
Pages 365	Year 1974
Language English
Abstract Contents: 1 CENSORSHIP VERSUS FREEDOM OF SPEECH Introduction; The impact of violence and pornography on the arts and morality (R.E. fitch); Democract, censorship, and the arts (w.Berns); The case for liberal censorhip (I. Kristol); Comments and conclusions 2. THE LAW Introduction; The 'uninhibited, robust, and wide-open' first amendement (A.M. Bickel); Living with free speech (N. Podhoretz); Obscenity law and the Supreme Court (P.J. McCrady); comments and conclusions 3. VIOLENCE IN THE MEDIA Introduction; Aggression in childhood, the impact of television (R.M. Liebert et al.); The effects of media violence on social learning (A.Siegel); The desensitization of children to TV violence (V.B. Cline et al.); School for violence, mayhem in the mass media (F.Wertham); Statement of the Surgeon General concerning television and violence (J.L. Steinfeld); Comments and conclusions 4. THE WORLD OF PORNOGRAPHY AND EROTICA Introduction; Summary of the Report of the National Commision on Obscenity and pornography; Another view: pornography effects, the state of the arts (V.B. cline); The pornography commision : a case study of scientists and social policy decision making (V.B. Cline); Democracy and pornography (E. v.d. Haag); The psychiatrist as expert witness in pornography prosecutions (B.D. Mc Laughlin) 5. WHERE DO YOU DRAW THE LINE? Introduction; alternatives to direct censorship (A.Siegel); violence, pornography, and social science (J.Q. Wilson); without redeeming social value? (R.M. Christenson); Obscenity and freedom of expression (M. Clor); Comments and conclusions 6. AN OVERVIEW: a summing up (V.B. Cline); A conclusion (V.B. Cline)

22
Title Evaluations of erotica: facts or feelings?	Author(s) Byrne, D., Fisher, J.D., Lamberth, J.
Source Journal of personality and social psychology	Document type Article
Volume 29	Number 1
Pages 111-116	Year 1974
Language English
Abstract A reinforcement-affect model of evaluative responses was applied to reactions to erotica. It was hypothesized that judgments of the pornographic quality of erotic stimuli and opinions about the value of legal restrictions on such sexual material are a function of the positive and negative affect elicited by the stimuli. Sixty-four married subjects were exposed to 19 erotic themes in pictorial or verbal form and then assessed with respect to feelings, judgments and opinions. Both positive and negative affective responses were found to be associated with pornography judgments and with restrictiveness opinions for males; for females only negative affective responses were associated with these two response measures. Authoritarianism, religious preference and church attendance were also found te be predictor variables.

13
Title Age and perceived effects of erotica-pornography: a national sample study	Author(s) Merritt, C.G., Gerstl, J.E., LoSciuto, L.A.
Source Archives of sexual behavior	Document type Article
Volume 4	Number 6
Pages 605-621	Year 1975
Language English
Abstract In the spring of 1970, a national sample survey of 2486 adults (aged 20-80) was studied to ascertain U.S. public attitudes toward and experience with erotic materials. Twelve items measured whether or not those interviewed believed that looking at or reading sexual materials had certain effects on themselves or others. Initial description of the results revealed a considerable diversity of opinion. This report provides a multistage typology of those item responses, beginning with characterization of items as positive, neutral, or negative in effect. Striking age gradients were observed at each stage in the typology formation. At first glance, these results are hardly surprising, yet introduction of controls for level of education, gender, and reported previous levels of actual exposure to erotica did not appreciably change the age-graded response pattern. The last stage in the typology contained four levels and showed a typical progression with increasing age. Younger age groups tended to attribute solely desirable and/or neutral effects to erotica. Those who expressed neutral and mixed (strongly positive and negative) views were somewhat older. The next age norms about explicit sexual materials took on a perception of no effects or a position of uncertainty. Finally, those who beheved that pornography has largely or solely undesirable effects on its consumers were oldest. The replicability of the pattern suggests a specific order in the underlying Process of change in values (historical and/or intraindividual).

98
Title PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR - REVIEW OF LITERATURE	Author(s) NEWMAN GR; TRILLING C
Source CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR	Document type Article
Volume 2	Number 3
Pages 217-236	Year 1975
Corporate Source STATE UNIV NEW YORK,SCH CRIMINAL JUSTICE/ALBANY//NY/12203
Journal Subject Criminology & Penology	Language English
Cited References AGE MELBOURNE 0327, 1971 NEWSWEEK 0308, 1971 TIME 0606, 1969 AM I PUBL OP, 1965, 704 STUD AM I PUBL OP, 1965, 709 STUD AM I PUBL OP, 1969, 774 STUD AM I PUBL OP, 1972, 846 STUD AM I PUBL OP, 1972, 856 STUD AKMAN DD, 1968, V1, ACTA CRIMINOLOGICA BENTZ WK, 1970, ARCH GENERAL PSYCHOL BLOM R, 1968, CONTINUAL DIFFERENTI BLUMENTHAL M, 1972, JUSTIFYING VIOLENCE BORD E, 1971, V18, P496, SOCIAL PROBLEMS BOYDELL CL, 1971, V13, P209, CANADIAN J CRIMINOLO BOYDELL CL, 1974, V65, P1, J CRIMINAL LAW CRIMI CRISSMAN P, 1942, V16, P29, J SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY CRUMPTON HG, 1967, V23, P46, J CLINICAL PSYCHOLOG CRUMPTON HG, 1966, V19, P927, PSYCH REPORTS CUMMING E, 1957, CLOSED RANKS DOHRENWEND BP, 1967, V32, P417, AM SOCIOL REV DOW TE, 1967, V58, P75, J CRIMINAL LAW CRIMI FAIRWEATHER GW, 1969, COMMUNITY LIFE MENTA FOUCAULT M, 1965, MADNESS CIVILIZATION FREEMAN HE, 1960, RELATIONSHIP EDUCATI FREIDSON E, 1961, PATIENTS VIEWS MEDIC FRIS T, 1968, P254, NED T CRIMINOL 1006 FURSTENBERG FF, 1971, V40, P4, AM SCHOLAR GIBBONS DC, 1969, V47, P4, SOCIAL FORCES GOFFIN P, 1969, P RESEARCH COMMITTEE GUSSFIELD J, 1968, V56, P54, CALIF LAW REV HARRIS L, 1967, PUBLIC LOOKS CRIME C HAVELIN A, 1968, V9, TIDSS KRIFT SANFUNNS HINDELANG MJ, 1973, V11, P101, J RESEARCH CRIME DEL HINDELANG MJ, 1974, V21, P410, SOCIAL PROBLEMS HOLLINGSHEAD AB, 1958, SOCIAL CLASS MENTAL HSU M, UNPUBLISHED KAUPEN W, 1969, 7TH WORLD C SOC KUTSCHINSKY B, 1966, V10, P21, ACTA SOCIOLOGICA KUTSCHINSKY B, 1970, V7, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO KUTSCHINSKY B, 1969, 4 COP INT RES COMM K LEMKAU PV, 1962, V118, P692, AM J PSYCHIATRY LEVINE D, 1971, 17TH INT C APPL PSYC LINSKY AS, 1970, V31, P3, QJ STUDIES ALCOHOL LIPPMAN L, 1970, V8, MENTAL RETARDATION MAKELA K, 1966, V10, P42, ACTA SOCIOLOGICA MCCONELL JP, 1969, V55, AM BAR ASSOC J MECHANIC D, 1962, V46, P66, MENTAL HYGIENE MECHANIC D, 1969, MENTAL ILLNESS SOCIA MEILOFOONK S, 1969, OPINIONS HOMOSEXUALI NEWMAN GR, 1974, ANNUAL M NEW YORK ST NEWMAN GR, 1974, V2, P249, J CRIMINAL JUSTICE NEWMAN GR, 1972, PERCEPTIONS DEVIANCE NEWMAN GR, 1974, V58, P434, SOCIOLOGY SOCIAL RES NEWMAN GR, 1972, THESIS U PENNSYLVANI NEWMAN GR, UNPUBLISHED NUNNALLY J, 1961, POPULAR CONCEPTIONS PHILLIPS DL, 1963, V28, P963, AM SOCIOLOGICAL REV PHILLIPS DL, 1964, V29, P679, AM SOCIOLOGICAL REV RETTIG S, 1959, V24, P856, AM SOCIOLOGICAL REV RETTIG S, 1961, V24, P21, SOCIOMETRY RIEDEL M, 1972, NOV ANN M INT ASS CR ROBINSON JP, 1970, V34, P1, PUBLIC OPINION QUART ROSE AM, 1955, V61, P3, AM J SOCIOLOGY ROSSI PH, 1974, V39, P224, AM SOCIOLOGICAL REV SELLIN T, 1964, MEASUREMENTS DELINQU SIMMONS JL, 1969, DEVIANTS SLESINGER JA, 1967, QUESTIONNAIRE MILWAU SLESINGER JA, 1968, STUDY COMMUNITY OPIN SMIGEL EO, 1956, V21, P3, AM SOC REV SPAETH J, 1969, V42, P2, SOCIOLOGY EDUCATION STAR S, 1955, PUBLICS IDEAS ABOUT TRILLING C, 1974, P464, NATION 1109 VALEZDIAZ A, 1970, V61, P549, J CRIMINAL LAW CRIMI VONHOUTTE J, 1973, KNOWLEDGE OPINION AB WALKER N, 1964, V4, P6, BRIT J CRIMINOLOGY WOODWARD JL, 1951, V16, P443, AM SOC REV WRIGHT D, 1967, V6, BRIT J SOCIAL CLINIC WRIGHT D, 1967, V72, J SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

49
Title Deviance and criminality: the case of voyeur in a peeper's paradise	Author(s) Kutchinsky, B.
Source Diseases of the nervous system	Document type Article
Volume 37	Number 3
Pages 145-151	Year 1976
Language English
Abstract Discusses the fact that since legal restrictions on pornography and pornographic activities began to be abolished in Denmark, criminal peepers have disappeared from Copenhagen; reports to the police of peeping dropped from 76 in 1965 to 2 in 1972. This change was unexpected because a) public attitudes toward peeping (as opposed to voyeurism, which is deviant but not criminal) had not become more lenient, and b) the peeper was supposed to derive much of his satisfaction from the illegality of his activities. A description and analysis is presented of the case of a 68-yr-old sailor who had been a peeper since he was 30, but when restrictions an pornography were relaxed found films, live- shows etc. satisfactory substitutes for peeping. Interviews in depth provided many indications of why he had become a peeper and why he stopped. It is tentatively concluded that while the commitment to deviant behavior develops as an interaction between internal and external factors, the committing of crimes as a result of deviance is primarily determined by external factors: the law and the availability of legal and illegal opportunities.

2
Title Measuring the impact of erotica	Author(s) Wills, G.
Source Psychology today	Document type Article
Volume 11	Number 3
Pages 30-34	Year 1977
Language English
Abstract This article critisizes the way the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography performed its research on the influence of pornography on those confronted with it. Comparison is made with the work of the Eisenhower commission that studied the effects of depicted violence on children and others. The point is that the panel dealing with sex agreed at the outset not to perform experiments on children, while the panel on violence concentrated on children. From indirect evidence the sex-panel concluded that exposure to erotica is harmless. even for children, which makes the reviewer wonder 'why expose children to the harmful (violence) and protect them from the harmless?' Other alleged failure's of the erotica-report are discussed as well.

25
Title What mediates the effect of mild erotica on annoyance and hostile behavior in males?	Author(s) Zillmann, D., Sapolsky, B.S.
Source Journal of personality and social psychology	Document type Article
Volume 35	Number 8
Pages 587-596	Year 1977
Language English
Abstract Male subjects were provoked or not provoked, exposed to photographs of (a) nonerotica, (b) nude females, or (c) couples engaged in sexual activities, and provided with an opportunity to express annoyance and to retaliate against their annoyer. Both annoyance and retaliatory behavior were measured. The excitatory potential, the involvement potential and the hedonic valence of the nonerotic and erotic stimuli were also assessed. provocation produced strong effects on all measures of annoyance and retaliatory behavior. In unprovoked subjects. erotica had no effect whatsoever on such behavior. Under conditions of provocation, reported annoyance in both erotica conditions was significantly less than in the nonerotica condition. There was no corresponding differentiation in retaliatory behavior' however. The excitatory potential of the erotica employed. as measured in heart-rate and blood-pressure changes' proved to be minimal. No stimulus differences in involvement potential were found. The erotica were similarly pleasing. The nonerotica, in contrast, were considered boring. The findings are discussed in terms of various theoretical proposals concerning the relationships between erotica and aggression.

18
Title Sex and aggression: proving the link	Author(s) Feshbach, S., Malamuth, N.
Source Psychology today	Document type Article
Volume 12	Number 6
Pages 111-117	Year 1978
Language English
Abstract Laboratory research by the authors suggests that sexual arousal and aggression may be mutually enhancing in our culture. The prevailing view among psychologists is that pornography does not foster deviant or criminal behavior among adolescents and adults. The authors propose not to apply this judgement uniformly to all forms of erotica and pornography, for one of the most troubling results of their research suggests that men who view erotic materials depicting sadomasochistic encounters tend to be more stimulated than others by the idea of rape and less sympathetic to the victims. The research-study is discussed at length, in the meantime other recent findings are included as well.

37
Title Sex differences in response to erotica?	Author(s) Fisher, W.A., Byrne, D.
Source Journal of personality and social psychology	Document type Article
Volume 36	Number 2
Pages 117-125	Year 1978
Language English
Abstract The current research examined gender differences in response to varying erotic themes. In Experiment 1, unmarried male (n=30) and female (n=32) subjects viewed an erotic film portraying petting; this film was prefaced with instructional sets that established either a love theme (affectionate marital sex) or a lust theme (unemotional sex with a prostitute). In Experiment 2, 36 married couples viewed either a petting erotic film of one depicting coitus; these films were prefaced with instructional sets that established either the love or lust themes or a casual-sex theme (a chance sexual encounter). Arousel, affective, and evaluative responses to these stimuli were assessed. Results of Experiment I confirmed the effectiveness of the thematic manipulation and indicated that males and females were not differentially responsive to the love or lust themes along any of the response dimensions. Results of Experiment 2 replicated this finding and indicated that males and females were not differentially responsive to the love or lust them along any of the response dimensions. Results of Experiment 2 replicated this finding and indicated that both men and women were more sexually aroused by the casual-sex theme than by those involving love or lust. Apparently, romantic or affectional emphasis is not a precondition for female arousal by erotica. Methodological and conceptual issues relating to the discrepancy between the often-cited female indiference to erotica and the present findings for equal male-female arousal responses are discussed.

26
Title Take back the night : women on pornography	Author(s) Lederer, L.
Source New York : Morrow	Document type Book
Pages 359	Year 1980
Language English
Abstract Until recently there have been only two sides to the pornography issue: the conservative approach, which argues that pornography is immoral because it exposes the human body; and the liberal approach, which presents pornography as just one more aspect of our everexpanding human sexuality. This book presents a third and feminist perspective: that pornography is the ideology of a culture which promotes and condomes rape, woman-battering' and other crimes of violence against women. Contents: I. What is pornography?; II. Pornography: who is hurt; III. Pornography: who benefits; IV. Research on the effects of pornography; V. Pornography and the First Amendment; VI. Taking action; VII. Looking ahead.

29
Title Sex differences, androgyny, and approach responses to erotica: a new variation on the old volunteer	Author(s) Kenrick, D.T., Stringfield, D.O., Wagenhals, W.L.
Source Journal of personality and social psychology	Document type Article
Volume 38	Number 3
Pages 517-524	Year 1980
Language English
Abstract Recent studies have indicated similar levels of sexual response to erotica by males and females regardless of the thematic content of the materials presented. Nevertheless, a number of studies continue to indicate relatively more negative affective and evaluative responses to erotica by females. In study I. male and female college students were ostensibly given a choice between a hard-core, 'lustful' film and a soft-core, 'loving' film. Consistent with predictions, results indicated relatively less approach of the lustful theme film by females. Study 2 was a field experiment in which subjects were contacted by telephone and asked to volunteer for either an experiment involving erotica or one involving perception of geometric figures. Females were less likely than males to volunteer for a study involving erotica, regardless of whether it was described as hard- or soft-core in nature. Results for subjects who had filled out the Bem Sex Role Inventory indicated that the effects was obtained only for sex-typed (vs. androgynous) subjects.

46
Title Comment: the effects of pornography	Author(s) Schmidt, G.., Sigusch, V.
Source British journal of sexual medicine	Document type Article
Volume 7	Number 64
Pages 3-6	Year 1980
Language English
Abstract Three experiments on a total of 298 female and 298 male students were carried out at Hamburg University to test the effects of various pornographic stimuli. The subjects were predominantly in their early twenties and single. The data, which are quoted and discussed at some length, show clearly that after confrontation with pornography both men and women very rarely initiate new practices or reactivate practices that are unusual for them. Also, the findings show clearly that the nature and intensity of male and female reactions to pornography are, at least in this social group, basically the same.

48
Title Pornography; the conflict over sexually explicit materials in the United States; an annotated bibl.	Author(s) Byerly, G., Rubin, R.
Source London etc.: Garland	Document type Book
Pages 152	Year 1980
Language English
Abstract This book is a selective, annotated bibliography on pornography, encompassing psychological, religious, philosophical, legal and popular perspectives. Limited to works primarily concerned with the creation. availability, dissemination and effects of sexually explicit materials in the United States, it includes monographs, dissertations, government documents and journal articles in English. Chapters on pornography from books of a broader scope are not included. Emphasis is on works published in the last ten years, although some significant monographs and dissertations published in the 1960s have been included.

52
Title The question of pornography	Author(s) Donnerstein, E.I., Linz, D.G.
Source Psychology today	Document type Article
Volume 20	Number 12
Pages 56-59	Year 1980
Language English
Abstract The recent commission on pornography missed the boat, these researchers say. lt is the violence (with or without sex. as quoted research shows). that is the most damaging. Furthermore, the percentage of violent sex in X-rated books and video's is less than a few years ago and barely noticeable. In the mean time, the kind of violence that has influence on its viewers (although no-one rightly knows for how long a period) is shown in a number of films broadcasted in prime time!

56
Title Sexual responsiveness of college students to rape depictions: inhibitory and disinhibitory effects	Author(s) Malamuth, N.M., Heim, M., Feshbach, S.
Source Journal of personality and social psychology	Document type Article
Volume 38	Number 3
Pages 399-408	Year 1980
Language English
Abstract Two experiments were conducted to identify the specific dimensions in portrayals of sexual violence that inhibit the sexual responsiveness of male and female college students. Surprisingly, it was found that although female subjects were most aroused when the rape victim was portrayed as experiencing an orgasm and no pain, males were most aroused when the victim experienced an orgasm and pain. The relevance of these data to pornography and to the common belief among rapists that their victims derive pleasure from being assaulted is discussed. Misattribution, identification, and power explanations of the findings are also discussed. Finally, it is suggested that arousing stimuli that fuse sexuality and violence may have antisocial effects.

97
Title PORNOGRAPHY AND REPRESSION - A RECONSIDERATION	Author(s) DIAMOND I
Source SIGNS	Document type Article
Volume 5	Number 4
Pages 686-701	Year 1980
Corporate Source PURDUE UNIV,DEPT POLIT SCI/W LAFAYETTE//IN/47907
Journal Subject Women's Studies	Language English
Cited References LOS ANG CIT PLANN, 1977, JUN STUD EFF CONC AD BACHY V, 1976, V26, P40, J COMMUNICATION BENVENISTE R, 1970, V7, P253, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO BERGER AS, V9, P168, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO BROWNMILLER S, 1975, P394, AGAINST OUR WILL COOK RF, 1970, V7, P168, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO COURT, 1976, V5, P129, INT J CRIMINOLOGY PE COURT JH, 1977, P7, AUG ANN C AUSTR PSYC DONNERSTEIN E, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL DWORKIN A, 1974, P78, WOMAN HATING ETZIONI A, 1977, P35, NY TIMES 0517 FESHBACH S, 1978, SEP AM PSYCH ASS ANN FOXON D, 1963, V1, P306, BOOK COLLECTOR GOLDSTEIN MJ, 1973, P73, PORNOGRAPHY SEXUAL D GOODMAN P, 1962, P57, UTOPIAN ESSAYS PRACT HOWARD JL, 1970, V8, P97, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO HYDE HM, 1965, P1, HISTORY PORNOGRAPHY JOHNSON PH, 1967, P26, INIQUITY JOHNSON WT, 1970, V7, P164, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO KEATING CH, 1970, P516, REPORT COMMISSION OB KENYON FE, 1975, V126, P226, BRIT J PSYCHIAT KUTSCHINSKY B, 1970, V7, P3, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO MALAMUTH N, J RES PERSONALITY MANN J, 1970, V8, P217, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO MARCUS S, 1964, P286, OTHER VICTORIANS MILLETT K, 1969, P42, SEXUAL POLITICS MORAN N, 1970, P55, NY TIMES 0414 MORGAN R, 1972, P361, AM SISTERHOOD MORGAN R, 1977, P169, GOING TOO FAR PAGELOW MD, 1977, V1, P2, WOMEN VIOLENCE PORNO PROPPER MM, 1970, V9, P363, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO RUSSELL D, 1977, V4, P12, CHRYSALIS STOLLER R, 1975, P88, PERVERSION EROTIC FO TANNENBAUM PH, 1970, V8, P340, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO WALKER CE, 1970, V7, P111, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO WILLIS E, 1977, P29, ROLLING STONE 0324 WILLS G, 1977, P33, PSYCHOLOGY TODAY AUG WOHL B, 1976, P91, HARPERS MAGAZINE DEC YOAKUM R, 1977, P46, COLUMBIA JOURNAL MAR

9
Title Pornography : men possessing women	Author(s) Dworkin, A.
Source London : Women's press, 1981	Document type Book
Pages 304	Year 1981
Language English
Abstract This is a book about the meaning of pornography and the system of power in which pornography exists. Its particular theme is the power of men in pornography. According to the author, pornography by definition - 'the graphic depiction of whores' - is trade in a class of persons who have been systematically denied the rights protected by the First Amendment and the rest of the Bill of Rights. Obscenity is not a synonym for pornography: obscenity is an idea, it requires a judgement of value, while pornography is concrete: 'the graphic depiction of whores'. For the same reason, this book is not about the difference between pornography and erotica. Nor is this a liberal book about how pornography hurts all of us. It is a book about the meaning of what is being shown. Contents: Power, Men and boys, The Marquis de Sade (1740-1814), Objects, Force, Pornography, Whores.

28
Title The effect of soft-core and hard-core erotica on provoked and unprovoked hostile behavior	Author(s) Sapolsky, B.S., Zillmann, D.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 17	Number 4
Pages 319-343	Year 1981
Language English
Abstract Both male and female subjects were provoked or not provoked, exposed to erotic motion pictures that ranged from suggestive to explicitly sexual, or given a control treatment of either a neutral film or a no-communication waiting period, and provided with an opportunity to behave in a hostile manner. Regardless of the degree of sexual explicitness, erotica had no appreciable effect on unprovoked males or females. Excitatory reactions to erotica were comparable for both sexes. There were significant sex differences in the hedonic responses to these stimuli, however. Females reported being disturbed to a much greater degree than did males. Males reported positive affective reactions to films depicting coitus, but not to a film depicting precoital behavior. The hostile behavior of provoked males and females was enhanced, however, by strongly arousing but moderately disturbing erotica. For females, this condition was met by an explicit film of coitus; for males, in contrast, a film of precoital behavior enhanced hostile reactions. A model of erotica effects is proposed in which excitatory and hedonic reactions are jointly considered.

40
Title Aspects of sexual medicine: pornography update	Author(s) Court, J.H.
Source British journal of sexual medicine	Document type Article
Volume 8	Number 72
Pages 28-30	Year 1981
Language English
Abstract In this overview of the relevant literature to date, it is made clear that, for instance the well-known and often quoted Schmidt and Sigusch report, based on studies done in and before 1970. on the effects of pornography, is no longer relevant, due to the changed nature of hard-core pornography. The most recent investigations into this matter show that indeed do certain kinds of violent pornography disinhibit sexual defense mechanisms. The author claims that evidence identifying harmful effects of pornography is becoming increasingly convincing. - Key sources from most well-known workers in this field are included in the references.

96
Title REACTIONS TO EROTIC STIMULI AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS TO THE BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SEX	Author(s) KESSLER BH; SCHWICKERATH J
Source PSYCHOLOGISCHE BEITRAGE	Document type Article
Volume 23	Number 3
Pages 421-433	Year 1981
Corporate Source UNIV SAARLAND,FACHRICHTUNG PSYCHOL/D-6600 SAARBRUCKEN//FED REP GER/; BERATUNGSSTELLE VIKTORIAHAUS/D-6600 SAARBRUCKEN//FED REP GER/
Journal Subject Psychology	Language German
Cited References ATHANASIOU R, 1971, V7, P298, J SEX RES BARKER WJ, 1975, V4, P161, ARCH SEXUAL BEHAVIOR BEM SL, 1974, V42, P155, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH BYRNE D, 1977, P327, HDB SEXOLOGY BYRNE D, 1974, V29, P111, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL BYRNE D, 1971, P41, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO CAIRNS RB, 1971, V1, P5, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO DAVIS KE, 1971, V8, P68, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO DUNWOODY V, 1979, V15, P276, J SEX RES EULENSTEIN MJ, 1978, KLEINES ANGEWANDTES FISHER WA, 1978, V36, P117, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL GRIFFITT W, 1973, V6, P330, J EXPT RES PERSONALI HEIMAN J, 1976, V3, P55, PSYCHOL HEUTE JONES WH, 1978, V46, P298, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH KINSEY AC, 1953, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR HUMA KUTSCHINSKY B, 1971, V8, P133, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO LOISELLE RH, 1965, V73, P273, J GENERAL PSYCHOL MANN J, 1974, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR CURR MONEY J, 1972, MAN WOMAN BOY GIRL D MOSHER DL, 1977, V45, P796, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH MOSHER DL, 1971, V8, P255, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO OSBORN CA, 1977, V13, P250, J SEX RES SCHMIDT G, 1975, V4, P353, ARCH SEXUAL BEHAVIOR SCHNEIDERDUKER M, 1978, DTSCH NEUKONSTRUKTIO SHOPE DF, 1975, INTERPERSONAL SEXUAL SIGUSCH V, 1971, V43, P367, NERVENARZT STEELE DG, 1974, V3, P459, ARCH SEXUAL BEHAVIOR WINCZE J, 1977, V6, P121, ARCH SEX BEHAV

16
Title The influence of pornography on behaviour	Author(s) Yaff‚, M., Nelson, E.C.
Source London etc. : Academic Press	Document type Book
Pages 276	Year 1982
Language English
Abstract This book contains a collection of papers written by experts who offer us a broad perspective on obscenity and pornography. The nature of pornography, however, has changed dramatically within the last decade in terms of the violence it portrays. And science, as some of our authors point out, is beginning to demonstrate some harmful consequence associated with exposure to such material. Obviously, these developments justify a re-examination of the issues surrounding pornography.

12
Title The effects of erotica and pornography on attitudes and behaviour: a review	Author(s) Masterson, John
Source Bulletin of the British Psychological Society	Document type Article
Volume 37	Number
Pages 249-252	Year 1984
Language English
Abstract In this article the author discusses the literature on the effects of erotica and pornography on attitudes and behaviour. Subjects of this literature are a.o.: views of the nature and function of pornography, distinction between pornography and erotica, the difficult experimental problems of researching the effects of pornography, the context in which pornography thrives, the degree of acceptance of coercion in sexual relations by 'normal' males and females, the notion that people necessarily enjoy the sexual practices they willingly engage in, whether one would like to rape if sure one could get away with it, effects on married couples, experiments that cast doubt on the benign nature of erotica, inhibition cues, enjoyment of pornography and women's liberation.

30
Title Pornography and sexual abuse of women	Author(s) Silbert, M., PINES, A.M.
Source Sex roles	Document type Article
Volume 10	Number 11
Pages 857-868	Year 1984
Language English
Abstract It is very difficult to establish conclusively the causal relationship between pornography and sexual abuse of women. Most of the research cited in the introduction is correlational and, thus, only supports an evident relationship between the two variables. In the present study, a detailed content analysis of the responses of 200 street prostitutes, describing sexual abuse in their background, documented a surprising amount of unsolicited references to pornography. While the results of the data can neither confirm nor reject the 'catharsis model' of pornography, because they are based on victims' rather than assailants' responses, nevertheless, the results lend considerable support to the 'imitation model' of pornography. Many of the references to pornography noted by the subjects indicated that their abusers were imitating the abusing males in pornographic materials, and believed that, as the victims in pornography, their victims must enjoy the abuse.

38
Title Sexual fantasy and attitudes as function of sex of subject and content of erotica	Author(s) Kelley, K.
Source Imagination, cognition and personality	Document type Article
Volume 14	Number 4
Pages 339-347	Year 1984
Language English
Abstract The effects of erotic content and subject sex on sexual fantasy were mediated by general sexual attitudes. When erotic content consisted of mild erotica showing males rather than females, male subjects (N=123) expressed significantly more negative themes in briefer fantasy productions than females (N=123). Analyses of affective and arousal responses to single-sex and heterosexual erotica indicated patterns generally consistent with the fantasy outcomes. Negative sexual attitudes were associated with negatively-toned fantasies, more negatively-toned fantasies, more negative affect, and less sexual arousal. Variations in affective and arousal responses to erotic stimuli, as discussed by the theory of the Sexual Behavior Sequence, were demonstrated to extend to the production of sexual fantasy.

51
Title Is there a relationship between pornography and sexual violence?	Author(s) Voth, H.M., p. Benedek, E., Shainess, N.
Source Medical aspects of human sexuality	Document type Article
Volume 18	Number 8
Pages 62-74	Year 1984
Language English
Abstract A special feature article, presenting a wide range of divergent opinions on this controversial issue. Most experts authoring this article are agreed upon some sort of link between (especially) sadomasochistic pornography and actual sexual violence.

53
Title Women against censorship	Author(s) Burstyn, V.
Source Vancouver ; Toronto : Douglas & McIntyre	Document type Book
Pages 210	Year 1985
Language English
Abstract The contributors to this book are unanimous in their view that censorship will be used against feminists who seek deep and permanent changes in the status quo. Far from protecting women against violence, censorship will perpetuate those conditions which place them in danger. The essays in this book are chronicles of real events and experiences by women involved in the processes they describe. Offering positive solutions, and holding up hope for real and meaningful change, the contributors call for a return to basic feminist issues. CONTENTS: -Introduction (V. Burstyn); - Political precedents and moral crusades: women, sex and the state (V. Burstyn); - Second thoughts (M. Kostash); -Pornography: image and reality (S. Diamond); - A capital idea: gendering in the mass media (L. Steele); - Censorship and law reform: will changing the laws mean a change for the better? (L. King); - Women and images: toward a feminist analysis of censorship (A. Gronau); - Thrills, chills and the 'Lesbian threat' or, the media, the state and women's sexuality ( M. Valverde & L. Weir); - Retrenchment versus transformation: the politics of the antipornography movement (A. Snitow); - Feminist debates and civil liberties (J. Callwood); - False promises: feminist antipornography legislation in the U.S. (L. Duggan, N. Hunter & C.S. Vance); - Beyond despair: positive strategies (V. Burstyn); - Appendix: Making sense of the research on pornography (T. McCormack).

57
Title Exposure to pornography and attitudes about women and rape : a correlational study	Author(s) Garcia, L.T.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 22	Number 3
Pages 378-385	Year 1986
Language English
Abstract Overall, the findings of this study provide mixed support for the hypothesis that exposure to pornographic material is correlated with less liberal attitudes toward women. Only exposure to coercive or violent sexual themes was related to more traditional attitudes about women, and that was a very weak association. Also contrary to predictions was the finding that those subjects having greater experience with sexual materials, violent or nonviolent, expressed more liberal attitudes toward women in the area of sexual behavior.

11
Title Violence in Playboy Magazine: a longitudinal analysis
Source Archives of sexual behavior	Document type Article
Volume 16	Number 4
Pages 279-288	Year 1987
Language English
Keywords pornography, violence, sex, cartoons, pictorials
Abstract This paper analyzes the amount of violence in cartoons and pictorials from january '54, through december '83 in Playboy Magazine. In as much as the Attogney general's Commision on pornography and Obscenity has focused upon magazines such as Playboy as potentially harmful to society because of the violence mergied with sex, such an analysis is appropriate at this time. Each cartoon and pictorial for each issue of Playboy for the 30-year-period was examined for violent depictions.

47
Title The question of pornography ; research findings and policy implications	Author(s) Donnerstein, E., Linz, D., Penrod, S.
Source London : The free press	Document type Book
Pages 274	Year 1987
Language English
Abstract This book is designed to give the most up-to-day summary of the scientific research on the effects of exposure to sexually explicit images on antisocial attitudes and behaviors. The authors provide evidence that sexually explicit material - in itself - does not foster negative attitudes or behavior unless it is combined with images of violence. They document the effects violent sexual images have been shown to have in laboratory experiments. They show how repeated exposure to these images may actually increase a viewer's willingness to do harm. Further, they examine research which suggests that violent pornography not only sexually arouses men, but plays a part in changing the way they think about women too. The authors also probe legal and other regulatory responses to contemporary pornography. They reject censorship as a solution and instead suggest that effors be directed toward realistic media education programs.

15
Title Pornography and sexual offences	Author(s) Langevin, R., Lang, R.A., Wright, P., Handy, L., Frenzel, R.R., Black, E.L.
Source Annals of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 1	Number 3
Pages 335-362	Year 1988
Language English
Abstract A total of 279 men were asked about their purchase of erotic magazines, rental of videos and attendance at erotic movies. There were 131 sex offenders and 50 community controls from Alberta and 97 sex offenders from Ontario. In line with results from previous commissions on the subject, community volunteers reported greater exposure to erotica than sex offenders but there were no group differences in regular use of erotica. There were also no grouop differences in the types of erotica to wich the respondents were exposed. The adult female was the main subject of materials to wich most men had been exposed. An examination of age, education, intelligence, admission to the offense, and validity scales of the MMPI showed that the best predictor of erotica was lower intelligence. Of the 15% of sex offenders against children who used erotic materials in their offence, conventional adult female erotica was used, usually to stimulate the child's curiosity. Theories of erotica use in sex offences and methods of study are reviewed.

21
Title A critical analysis of recent research on violent erotica	Author(s) Mould, D.E.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 24	Number
Pages 326-340	Year 1988
Language English
Abstract Two key-note papers by the authors of the coedited publication 'Pornography and sexual agression' are critically examined. It is argued, that their conclusion that violent erotica contributes to sexual violence is unwarranted. The article is followed by a reply by N.M. Malamuth, a reply by E. Donnerstein and D. Linz, a counter reply by D.E. Mould. Finally, a critical commentary on all four articles by K.E. O'Grady is included. (These reactions et cetera are to be found on pages 340-362 of the same issue of The journal of sex research).

31
Title A preliminary examination of the pornography experience of sex offenders, paraphiliacs ...	Author(s) Condron, M.K., NUTTER, D.E.
Source Journal of sex & marital therapy	Document type Article
Volume 14	Number 4
Pages 285-298	Year 1988
Language English
Abstract Full Title: A preliminary examination of the pornography experience of sex offenders, paraphiliacs, sexual dysfunction patients, and controls based on meese commission recommendations The Meese Commission Report claims exposure to pornography leads to sex offenses and states it is important to examine the developmental patters of offenders, in particular age of first masturbatory experience, role of pornography in that experience, age of first exposure to pornography, age of commission of the deviant behavior, and long-term use of pornography and length of duration of deviancy. This study found the frequency of use of pornography, age of exposure to pornography, age of first masturbation experience, and use of pornography during first masturbation experience, for sex offenders, paraphiliacs, sexual dysfunction patients, and controls were not significantly different.

36
Title The secret museum. Pornography in modern culture	Author(s) Kendrick, W.
Source New York : Penguin Books	Document type Book
Pages 288	Year 1988
Language English
Abstract Although there have always been dirty books and dirty pictures, 'pornography' is a recent phenomenon: as late as the eighteenth century the word did not exist. From the secret museums where the obscene frescoes of Pompeii were kept to the pornography trials of Madame Bovary and Lady Chatterley's Lover to the Meese Commission report on pornography, the author explores how conceptions of pornography reflect attitudes and social mores. He provides, too, a portrait gallery of the jurists, artists, guardians of public morality, sleaze merchants, and civil libertarians who have played roles in the changing definitions of pornography.

95
Title PORNOGRAPHY - THE SYMBOLIC POLITICS OF FANTASY	Author(s) MCCONAHAY JB
Source LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS	Document type Article
Volume 51	Number 1
Pages 31-69	Year 1988
Corporate Source DUKE UNIV,INST POLICY SCI & PUBL AFFAIRS/DURHAM//NC/27706
Journal Subject Law; Social Issues	Language English
Cited References GALLOP OPINION INDEX, 1984 NEWSWEEK 0318, 1985, P61 PERSONALITY SOC PSY, 1983, V9, P351 REPORT COMMISSION OB, 1970, P51 TIME 0502, 1988, P35 WEBSTERS 3RD NEW INT, 1981, P1557 WEBSTERS 3RD NEW INT, 1981, P1767 WEBSTERS 9TH NEW COL, 1981, P615 ATT GEN COMM PORN, 1986, P1504, FIN REP ABELSON, 1971, V6, P8, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO ABELSON, 1971, V6, P1, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO ALSCHULER, 1971, V2, P65, TECHNICAL REPORT COM ALSCHULER, 1971, V2, P65, TECHNICAL REPORT COM ASHBEE H, 1877, P45, INDEX LIBRORUM PROHI BARON, 1987, V34, P467, SOC PROBS BARON, 1987, P11, SOCIETY JUL BARON, 1987, P6, SOCIETY JUL BENNETT W, 1980, P380, PUBLIC OPINION AM PO BERGER, 1983, P83, PORNOGRAPHY CENSO BERNS, 1971, P3, PUBLIC INT BORK, 1971, V4, P1, IND LJ BORK, 1971, V4, P21, IND LJ BRENDEL, 1970, P70, STUDIES EROTIC ART BRIGHT, 1987, P16, FORUM BROWNMILLER S, 1975, P394, OUR WILL MEN WOMEN R BURSTYN, 1985, P4, WOMEN CENSORSHIP BYRNE, 1971, V8, P65, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO BYRNE, 1971, V8, P41, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO CALLWOOD, 1985, P121, WOMEN CENSORSHIP CARLISS, 1987, P72, TIME 0706 CLARK, P45, PORNOGRAPHY CENSORSH CONVERSE, 1964, P206, IDEOLOGY DISCONTENT COURT, 1984, P143, PORNOGRAPHY SEXUAL A DAVIS, V8, P84, TECHNICAL REPORTS DAVIS, V8, P68, TECHNICAL REPORTS DEMILIO J, 1988, INTIMATE MATTERS HIS DERMER, 1978, V36, P1302, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL DEVLIN P, 1965, ENFORCEMENT MORALS DOLLARD J, 1950, PERSONALITY PSYCHOTH DONNERSTEIN, 1975, V32, P237, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL DONNERSTEIN, 1986, P56, PSYCHOL TODAY DEC DONNERSTEIN E, 1987, P1, QUESTION PORNOGRAPHY DOWNS D, 1985, NAZIS SKOKIE FREEDOM DUGGAN, 1985, P130, WOMEN CENSORSHIP DWORKIN, 1986, P18, PORNOGRAPHY IS CIVIL DWORKIN A, 1981, PORNOGRAPHY MEN POSS DWORKIN A, 1981, P224, PRONOGRAPHY MEN POSS DWORKIN A, 1985, P2, REASONS WHY ESSAYS N EDELMAN M, 1971, P1, POLITICS SYMBOLIC AC EDELMAN M, 1964, P37, SYMBOLIC USES POLITI ELDER C, 1983, P62, POLITICAL USES SYMBO FAUST B, 1980, P163, WOMEN SEX PORNOGRAPH FAUST B, 1980, P103, WOMEN SEX PORNOGRAPH GALLUP, 1975, OPINION INDEX REPORT GARY, 1983, P61, PORNOGRAPHY CENSORSH GEBHARD, 1970, P109, STUDIES EROTIC ART GEBHARD P, 1965, P670, SEX OFFENDERS ANAL T GORDON G, 1980, P304, EROTIC COMMUNICATION GRANT M, 1975, EROS POMPEII SECRET GREENWOOD J, 1956, P325, HDB CATH PAITH GROSSMAN, 1985, P16, NEWS TEACHERS PO SPR GUSFIELD J, 1986, SYMBOLIC CRUSADE STA HART H, 1963, LAW LIBERTY MORALITY HAZEN H, 1983, P1, ENDLESS RAPTURE RAPE HOWARD, 1973, V29, P133, J SOC ISSUES HUNTINGTON G, 1970, COMMUNICATION JUN KENDRICK W, 1987, P1, SECRET MUSEUM KENRICK, 1980, V38, P131, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL KERLINGER F, 1973, MULTIPLE REGRESSION KILPATRICK, 1975, LINCOLN NEBRASL 0103 KIM J, 1978, INTRO FACTOR ANAL WH KING, 1985, P79, WOMEN CENSORSHIP KRAFKA C, 1985, THESIS U WISCONSIN M KRISTOL, 1971, P112, NY TIMES 0328 KRISTOL, 1971, P24, NY TIMES 0328 KRONHAUSEN P, 1969, EROTIC FANTASY 15 KUTCHINSKY, 1985, V8, P301, COMP SOC RES KUTCHINSKY, 1973, V29, P163, J SOC ISSUES KUTSCHINSKY, V8, P133, TECHNICAL REPORTS KUTSCHINSKY, V8, P139, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO LABARRE, 1955, V20, P533, LAW CONTEMP PROBL LABARRE, 1955, V20, P533, LAW CONTEMP PROBL LEO, 1987, P63, TIME 0330 LINZ D, 1985, THESIS U WISCONSIN M LONGINO, 1980, P40, TAKE BACK NIGHT WOME MACKINNON, 1984, V2, P320, YALE L POLY REV MACKINNON, 1984, V2, P321, YALE L POLY REV MACKINNON C, 1987, P206, FEMINISM UNMODIFIED MALAMUTH, 1980, V16, P226, J SEX RES MALINOWSKIB, 1948, P76, MAGIC SCI RELIG OTHE MANN, 1973, V29, P113, J SOC ISSUES MARCUS S, 1966, P34, OTHER VICTORIANS STU MCCONAHAY, 1982, V44, P715, J POL MCCONAHAY, 1982, V44, P692, J POL MCCONAHAY J, 1988, P1, PRONOGRAPHY PUBLIC O MCCORMACK, 1985, P183, WOMEN CENSORSHIP MILL J, 1984, P68, LIBERTY MILLER N, 1941, SOCIAL LEARNING IMIT MORGAN, 1980, P137, TAKE BACK NIGHT WOME MORGAN, 1978, P8, UNPUB RUN PORNOGRAPH MOSHER, V8, P274, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO MOSHER, V8, P255, TECHNICAL REPORTS CO NABOKOV V, 1955, LOLITA PALYS, 1986, V27, P22, CANADIAN PSY PEEK, 1978, V58, P717, SOC SCI Q PENROD, 1984, P247, PORNOGRAPHY SEXUAL A RUBIN, 1970, V16, P265, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL RUSS J, 1985, MAGIC MOMMAS TREMBLI RUSSELL, 1988, V9, P53, POLITICAL PSYCHOL RUSSELL, 1988, V9, P41, POLITICAL PSYCHOL SCHMIDT, 1970, V6, P268, J SEX RES SCHNEIDER, 1987, P47, HARPERS FEB SCOTT, 1987, V23, P534, J SEX RES SCOTT J, 1985, UNPUB ANN M AM ASS A SCOTT J, 1985, VIOLENCE EROTIC MATE SEARS, 1980, V74, P670, AM POLIT SCI REV SEARS, 1980, V74, P671, AM POLIT SCI REV SEARS D, 1973, P19, POLITICS VIOLENCE NE SIGUSCH, 1970, V6, P10, J SEX RES SMITH, 1976, V26, P16, J COMMUNICATION STEINBERG, 1970, P234, STUDIES EROTIC ART STEINEM G, 1983, P222, OUTRAGEOUS ACTS EVER STOCK W, 1984, UNPUB WOMENS AFFECTI TONG, 1987, P14, ACADEME SEP TRIBE L, 1978, AM CONSTITUTIONAL LA VANCE, 1986, P65, NATION 0802 VANCE, 1986, P77, NATION 0802 VANDENHAAG, 1967, P29, ENCOUNTER VANDENHAAG, 1967, P53, ENCOUNTER WILSON, 1973, V29, P17, J SOC ISSUES WILSON, 1973, V29, P7, J SOC ISSUES WILSON, 1978, PREVENTION SEXUAL DI ZILLMAN, 1981, V11, P233, EUROPEAN J SOC PSY ZILLMAN D, 1986, THESIS INDIANA U BLO ZURCHER L, 1976, P306, CITIZENS DECENCY ANT

4
Title Pornography, erotica, and attitudes toward women: the effects of repeated exposure	Author(s) Padgett, V.R., Brislin-Slütz, J.A., Neal, J.A.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 26	Number 4
Pages 479-491	Year 1989
Language English
Abstract The relationship between pornography and attitudes toward women was assessed in two correlational studies, and the effect of (nonviolent) erotica on attitudes towards women was tested experimentally. The dependent measure was the score on a questionnaire measuring attitudes toward women and women's issues. The questionnaire possessed high reliability; factor analysis indicated a single general factor. Participants included 184 psychology students and 20 patrons at an 'adult' theater. Multiple linear regressions indicated that hours of viewing pornography was not a reliable predictor of attitudes toward women in either sample. Patrons of the adult theater, who viewed more pornography, had more favorable attitudes toward women than male or female college students. In Study 3, 75 students were randomly assigned to watch four hours of erotica or four hours of psychology films over five consecutive days. Power analysis indicated a strong test. Manipulation checks showed a difference in students' perception of the erotic nature of the videos, but attitudes toward women were not influenced by type of video.

50
Title Exposure to sexually explicit materials and attitudes toward rape: a comparison of study results	Author(s) Linz, D.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 26	Number 1
Pages 50-84	Year 1989
Language English
Abstract This article reviews experimental studies conducted since the 1970 Pornography Commission that have tested the effects of exposure to sexually explicit materials on attitudes and perceptions about rape. Studies of short-term exposure to nonaggressive sexually explicit communications have yielded mixed results. When effects do exist for this material, they are both fewer and weaker than antisocial effects from sexually violent material. Studies of the effects of long-term exposure to nonviolent pornography have also yielded mixed results - some experiments finding increases in negative attitudes about rape, others showing no effects. However, one finding is consistent for both long- and short-term studies. Those that have included violent (slasher) film conditions have consistently found less sensitivity toward rape victims after exposure to these materials. The remainder of the paper is devoted to contradictions between the outcomes of long-term studies and their possible solution.

94
Title EXPOSURE TO SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MATERIALS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD RAPE - A COMPARISON OF STUDY RESULTS	Author(s) LINZ D
Source JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH	Document type Article
Volume 26	Number 1
Pages 50-84	Year 1989
Corporate Source UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,COMMUN STUDIES PROGRAM/SANTA BARBARA//CA/93106
Journal Subject Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Psychology, Clinical	Language English
Cited References US ATT GEN COMM P, 1986, FIN REP ABEL GG, 1977, V34, P395, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT ABEL GG, 1977, V34, P895, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT ANDERSEN SM, 1981, V41, P74, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL BARON L, 1984, P185, PORNOGRAPHY SEXUAL A BART PB, 1980, P204, TAKE BACK NIGHT WOME BEM SL, 1974, V42, P155, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH BERKOWITZ L, 1985, ADV MEDIA EFFECTS RE BERKOWITZ L, 1984, V95, P410, PSYCHOL BULL BERKOWITZ L, 1971, V5, P14, PSYCHOL TODAY BRYANT J, 1985, TESTIMONY EFFECTS PO BURT MR, 1980, V38, P217, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL CASH TF, 1983, V9, P351, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B CHECK JVP, 1985, EFFECTS VIOLENT NONV CLINE VB, 1974, WHERE DO YOU DRAW LI DEITZ S, 1982, V43, P372, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL DELAMATER JD, 1979, PREMARITAL SEXUALITY DERMER M, 1978, V36, P1302, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL DEROGATIS LR, 1977, SCL 90 ADM SCORING P DONNERSTEIN E, 1981, V41, P710, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL DONNERSTEIN E, 1984, P S MEDIA VIOLENCE P DONNERSTEIN E, 1987, QUESTION PORNOGRAPHY DONNERSTEIN E, 1986, ROLE AGGRESSIVE SEXU DWORKIN A, 1981, PORNOGRAPHY MEN POSS EYSENCK HJ, 1978, SEX PERSONALITY FESHBACH S, 1971, TELEVISION AGGRESSIO HELMREICH R, 1974, V4, P473, B PSYCHONOMIC SOC HOLLIDAY D, 1978, LAVERNES FIRE ISLAND HOWARD JL, 1978, V8, P97, TECHNICAL REPORT COM INTONSPETERSON MJ, IN PRESS ADULT USERS KAHNEMAN D, 1981, V211, P453, SCI MAGAZINE 0130 KENRICK DT, 1982, ADVERSE INFLUENCE PO KENRICK DT, 1980, V38, P131, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL KIRK JR, 1985, MIND POLLUTERS KRAFKA CL, 1985, SEXUALLY EXPLICIT SE KUTSCHINSKY B, 1971, V8, P133, TECHNICAL REPORT COM LEDERER L, 1980, TAKE BACK NIGHT WOME LINZ D, 1981, BIENNIAL CONVENTION LINZ D, 1988, P55, IN PRESS J PERSONALI LINZ D, 1984, V34, P130, J COMMUNICATION LINZ D, 1982, MAR ANN M ACAD CRIM LINZ D, 1985, SEXUAL VIOLENCE MEDI MALAMUTH NM, 1982, V15, ADV EXPT SOCIAL PSYC MALAMUTH NM, 1986, V12, P129, AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR MALAMUTH NM, 1980, V89, P763, J ABNORM PSYCHOL MALAMUTH NM, 1983, V92, P55, J ABNORM PSYCHOL MALAMUTH NM, 1980, V10, P528, J APPLIED SOCIAL PSY MALAMUTH NM, 1980, V14, P121, J RES PERSONALITY MALAMUTH NM, 1985, V19, P299, J RES PERSONALITY MALAMUTH NM, 1979, 87TH ANN CONV AM PSY MASLIN J, 1982, P2, NY TIMES 1111 MOHR D, IN PRESS PERSONALITY MOSHER DL, 1971, V8, P255, TECHNICAL REPORT COM OSGOOD CE, 1957, MEASUREMENT MEANING PADGETT VR, 1987, PORNOGRAPHY EROTICA RUBIN Z, 1970, V16, P265, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL SAUNDERS DM, 1985, V49, P1703, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL SCHLAFLY P, 1987, PORNOGRAPHYS VICTIMS SCOTT DA, 1986, P145, PORNOGRAPHY HUMAN TR SCOTT DA, 1986, P115, PORNOGRAPHY HUMAN TR SOMMERS H, 1978, NYMPHO NURSE SPENCE JT, 1975, V32, P29, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL SPENCE JT, 1974, V4, P43, J SUPPL ABSTR SERV SPENCE JT, 1978, MASCULINITY FEMININI STANMEYER WA, 1984, SEDUCTION SOC PORNOG THORNTON W, 1968, BONDAGE DESIRE TURNER CW, 1974, V30, P341, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL TVERSKY A, 1973, V5, P207, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL WEAVER JB, 1987, THESIS U INDIANA WILDMON DE, 1986, CASE PORNOGRAPHY WILLS G, 1977, V30, P74, PSYCHOL TODAY WILLS G, 1977, P30, PSYCHOL TODAY WILSON D, 1987, P1, GLOBE MAIL WILSON JQ, 1974, WHERE DO WE DRAW LIN WOLCHIK SA, 1985, V14, P93, ARCH SEXUAL BEHAVIOR WYER RS, 1980, PERSON MEMORY COGNIT ZILLMANN D, 1982, V32, P10, J COMMUNICATION ZILLMANN D, 1984, PORNOGRPAHY SEXUAL A ZILLMANN D, 1986, TESTIMONY MEESE COMM

23
Title Sex differences in sexual fantasy: an evolutionary psychological approach	Author(s) Ellis, B.J., Symons, D.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 27	Number 4
Pages 527-555	Year 1990
Language English
Abstract The nature and frequency of men's and women's sexual fantasies were investigated by surveying 307 students (182 females, 125 males) at a California state university or junior college via a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. The questionnaire was inspired by modern evolutionary theory and was designed to investigate sex differences in sexual fantasies. Substantial sex differences were found in the salience of visual images, touching, context, personalization, emotion, partner variety, partner response, fantasizer response, and inward versus outward focus. These data, the scientific literature on sexual fantasy, the historically-stable contrasts between male-oriented pornography and female-oriented romance novels, the ethnographic record of human sexuality, and the ineluctable implications of an evolutionary perspective on our species, taken together, imply the existence of profound sex differences in sexual psychologies.

45
Title Pornography and gender equality: an empirical analysis	Author(s) Baron, L.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 27	Number 3
Pages 363-380	Year 1990
Language English
Abstract This paper examines the relationship between the circulation rates of soft-core pornographic magazines and gender equality in the 50 American states. Gender equality is measured with the Gender Equality Index (GEX) which combines 24 indicators of the status of women relative to men in the three institutional domains of politics, economics, and legal rights. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the hypothesis that the higher the circulation rate of soft-core pornographic magazines, the lower the level of gender equality. Several additional variables are included in the analysis to control for spurious relationships. Contrary to the hypothesis, the results show that gender equality is higher in states characterized by higher circulation rates of pornography. This relationship is interpreted as suggesting that pornography and gender equality both flourish in politically tolerant societies.

27
Title Feminist attitudes toward pornography control	Author(s) Cowan, G.
Source Psychology of women quarterly	Document type Article
Volume 16	Number 2
Pages 165-177	Year 1992
Language English
Abstract Feminist attitudes toward legislative control of pronography were investigated. A sample of 119 recipients of the National Organization of Women Newsletter in a Southern California community responded to a questionnaire assessing variables expected to be related to pornography control: demographic variables, and attitudes toward pornography, censorship, free speech, and the ham of pornography. Values were related to attitude toward pornography control, especially the prioritizing of responsibility versus freedom. Attitudes toward pornography werre also significant predictors; however, beliefs about importance of protecting free speech and the harm of pornography were the strongest predictors, with the protection of free speech making the largest contribution. In understanding 'mainstream feminists' attitudes toward pornography control, the most important variables appear to be those that assess the consequences of pornography.

42
Title Women's attitudes and fantasies about rape as a function of early exposure to pornography	Author(s) Corne, S., Briere, J., Esses, L.M.
Source Journal of interpersonal violence	Document type Article
Volume 7	Number 4
Pages 454-461	Year 1992
Language English
Abstract Although much has been learned about how social forces such as pornography can shape or direct men's sexual violence against women, few empirical data exist on how these forces impinge on women's attitudes and behavior. In the present study, 187 female university students responded to a questionnaire regarding childhood exposure to pornography, current sexual fantasies, and endorsement of rape-supportive attitudes. Early exposure to pornography was related to subsequent 'rape fantasies' and attitudes supportive of sexual violence against women. Findings were interpreted in the context of women's socialization to accept sexual aggression as a sexual/romantic event.

44
Title Violence and sexual violence in pornography; is it really increasing?	Author(s) Scott, J.E., Cuvelier, S.J.
Source Archives of sexual behavior	Document type Article
Volume 22	Number 4
Pages 357-371	Year 1993
Language English
Abstract Literature and research on the question of the increasingly violent nature of pornography is reviewed. In addition, the paper reports the findings of a content analysis of all cartoons and pictures in Hustler Magazine from 1974 through 1987. Results indicate that sexually violent cartoons and/or pictorials constitute a relatively small proportion of the total cartoons and pictorials. Moreover, no monotonic increase was found in such depictions over the 14-year period examined. In fact, a relatively small and constant proportion of violent and/or sexually violent depictions over this period is reported. These findings are examined in relation to previous research and societal concern about alleged increases in violent pornography as an explanation for increases in rape rates.

35
Title Violent pornography, antiwoman thoughts, and antiwoman acts: in search of reliable effects	Author(s) Fisher, W.A.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 31	Number 1
Pages 23-38	Year 1994
Language English
Abstract In this article, the authors critique the literature concerning the prevalence and effects of violent pornography and describe two experiements in which they sought to produce effects of violent pornography on men's fantasies, attitudes, and behaviors toward women. Their critique of the literature revealed that findings for the prevalence and effects of violent pornography are highly inconsistent, and they identified methodological and conceptual limitations that may contribute to the unreliability of findings in this area. Their two experiments involved creation of conditions that should have been sufficient to produce effects of violent pornography on men's fantasies, attitudes, and behaviors toward women, but which produced essentially no such effects. Discussion focuses on factors that may help explain the unreliability of effects of violent pornography on men's fantasies, attitudes, and behaviors toward women, within the research procedures that are commonly used in this area, and on the need to improve methodological and conceptual approaches in studying this important issue.

39
Title Correlates of support for censorship of sexual, sexually violent, and violent media	Author(s) Fisher, R.D., Cook, I.J., Shirkey, E.C.
Source Journal of sex research	Document type Article
Volume 31	Number 3
Pages 229-240	Year 1994
Language English
Abstract Willingness to ban various forms of sexual, violent, and sexually violent media was assessed through a random digit dialing survey of adults in Seminole County, FL. Of 1,291 eligible adults contacted, 304 (23.5%) completed the interview. Substantial majorities (71-77%) supported censoring sexually violent media, about half (47-54%) supported censoring nonsexual violent media and about one third supported censoring nonviolent sexually explicit movies (32%) and videotapes (28%). Principle components analysis of these items revealed two clear factors: support for banning sexual media and support for banning violent and sexually violent media. Sexual conservatism, sex role stereotyping, authoritarianism, age, gender, concern about pornography's effects, and support for a local anti-pornography campaign were consistently more highly correlated with support for censoring sexual media than with support for censoring violent media. Regression analysis showed that support for banning sexual media and concern about pornography's effects both contributed to the prediction of support for anti-pornography campaigns. Contrary to expectations, those low in sex role stereotyping showed low levels of support for censoring sexual media and low levels of concern about pornography's effects, relative both to fundamentalists and other respondents.

54
Title Comparative analysis of juvenile sexual offenders, violent nonsexual offenders, and status offenders	Author(s) Ford, M.E., Linney, J.A.
Source Journal of interpersonal violence	Document type Article
Volume 10	Number 1
Pages 56-70	Year 1995
Language English
Abstract Juvenile sexual offenders, violent nonsexual offenders, and status offenders were compared using psychometric instruments to assess intrafamily violence, quality of offender skills, interpersonal relationships, and self-concept. Self report and record data were gathered on family history, education, behavior problems, criminal history, history of abuse, exposure to pornography, and early childhood memories. Juvenile child molesters were found to have experienced more parental use of violence and to be victims of physical and sexual abuse more often than the other offender groups. Child molesters expressed greater need for control and inclusion in interpersonal relationships and problems related to self-esteem. The content of early childhood memories and exposure to porographic material differed among the groups. The groups did not differ in assertiveness, self-concept, or family history variables. Implications of these differences for future research are considered.

34
Title Does censorship make a difference? An aggregate empirical analysis of pornography and rape	Author(s) Kimmel, M.S., Linders, A.
Source Journal of psychology & human sexuality	Document type Article
Volume 8	Number 3
Pages 1-20	Year 1996
Language English
Abstract Following a critical review of previous literature, the article examines the relationship between pornography and sexual violence by developing an aggregate statistical analysis of pornography consumption and rape rates in six cities, matched on various SES (Socio-Economic Status) variables. The article tests the converse of ideological assertion argument that increased pornography consumption leads to increased rates of rape. Results reported here show a steady decline in consumption of printed pornography and a steady rise in rape rate. The article concludes that aggregate statistical data do not confirm hypotheses that decreased pornography consumption leads to a decrease in rape rates.

58
Title The relationship between nonenforcement of state pornography laws and rates of sex crime arrests	Author(s) Winick, C., Evans, J.T.
Source Archives of sexual behavior	Document type Article
Volume 25	Number 5
Pages 439-453	Year 1996
Language English
Abstract The nonoperation of antipornography statutes in four American states (Maine, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Washington) for varying periods between 1973 and 1986 provided an opportunity to examine the impact of such statutes and pornography availability on sex crimes because nonenforcement is associated with an increase in the availability of sexually explicit materials. Arrests for property offenses and for rape, prostitution, and other sex offenses during the period before the suspension of the laws, when compared with the periode during suspension, reflected no significant changes. Findings are consistent with other foreign and American studies that have failed to find a link between exposure to sexually explicit media materials and rates of reports of rape and other sex offenses.

20
Title Effects of interactive computer erotica on men's attitudes and behavior toward women: ...	Author(s) Barak, A. Fisher, W.A.
Source Computers in human behavior	Document type Article
Volume 13	Number 3
Pages 353-369	Year 1997
Language English
Abstract Examined were antiwomen attitudes and behaviors in men (N=100) as a function of the use of interactive erotica, moderated by the men's initial affective disposition toward sexuality. Subjects were exposed to either (a) neutral, noninteractive stimuli, (b) erotic, noninteractive stimuli, (c) erotic, moderately interactive stimuli, or (d) erotic, highly interactive stimuli on a personal computer. Prior to this manipulation, their levels of erotophobia-erotophilia were assessed. After exposure to the manipulation, attitudes toward women, rape myth acceptance, and level of aggressive behavior in response to a female confederate's provocation were assessed; keyboard activity and self-reported levels of sexual arousal were recorded and analyzed. Results showed that the erotic stimuli resulted in much interactive activity and in significant amounts of sexual arousal, but use of computer pornography did not affect attitudes or behavior toward women.